Defects in knitted fabrics, skew, bias, bowing, twisting, knots, thick yarn, thin yarn, uneven yarn structure, course yarn, slub, needle line, needle run, fabric run. For that reason knitted fabric manufacturer always try to produce their fabric defects free, but several defects may occur in the products process. It has influential impacts on stitch density, fabric weight, panel length, tightness, fabric width and dimensional stability brackenbury, 1992. Friends and family members apart from being sources of defects also viewed my work from time to time. To suit a variety of enduse specifications, fabric weight can vary from 300 to 2000 gm2 of fabric special applications, while the supporting layer of mat or veil can range from 100 to 450 gm2. There are various types of defects, which occur in the weft knitted fabrics of all types, caused by a variety of reasons. Knitted fabrics are produced by two general methods warp knitting, and weft knitting, and each method produces a variety of types of knitted fabrics. Detection and classification of weft knitted fabrics defects. Study on different types of dyeing faults, causes and remedies of knit fabrics. I will be covering the following three aspects in this article. Here some frequently occurring faults in knitted fabric are given below.
Quality control in the knitting process and common knitting. Garment defects causes and remedies fashion2apparel. We will teach you about how knits are made and about the different types of yarns, so that. The computer techniques are used in the processing of the defects images of weft knitted fabrics in this paper.
By doing this study fabric defects like hole, lycra break and knit fly reduced by 26%, 36% and 41% respectively. It is made with loop pile on one or both sides generally covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks or other patterns. The defects in knitting construction are considered in terms of appearance and nature. The development of 3d knitted fabrics is based on 2d knitted fabrics. All these methods are not completely reliable because image analysis of knitted fabrics involves difficulties due to the loop structures and yarn hairiness, compare to woven fabrics consisting of neat warp and weft yarns. Two main causes of inconsistency that lead to fabric defects are raw material management before the knitting process and variation in parameters during the knitting process. However, while a considerable amount of research has been performed on 2d knitted fabrics, by comparison. Weavers tapping the fabric with the shuttle tip or pirn on the front rest when inserting a new pirn. Hope this paper will help those people who are in textile dyeing industry. The processing of the defects images of knitted fabrics. We know that, fabric is the main raw material in the manufacturing process of garments. Garment defects is very important issue for the buyers. Minimization of defects in knitted fabric svkms nmims.
Quality control in the knitting process the varied and diverse causes of fabric defects can generally be summarized in one word inconsistency. Introduction textile sector is the largest sector in bangladesh. Study on different types of knitting faults, causes and. This method can accomplish realtime detection and classification of the most frequently occurring types of defects in knitted fabrics, and its detection rate was 93%. A defective portion in the fabric marked by distortion or cutting of warp and weft. Pdf study on different types of knitting faults, causes. Faculty of technology, bolton institute, deane road, bolton, u. The two classes of knitted fabrics are the filling knit and the warp knit. Faultsdefects in the knitted fabrics textile learner. They can be raveled readily, and they easily develop runs, or ladders, when a yarn is broken. Many readers, asking me to provide information in regard to the fabric defects and the common visual inspection methods for the fabrics. Fabric inspection four point system textile study center.
The work demonstrated that changes occurring after laundering were largely due to alterations in the loop shape, rather than yarn or loop length shrinkage. Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of a business. Owing to the everincreasing demand for quality products, a high standard is important for the knitting industry. It is also highest foreign currency earning sector in bangladesh. In a flat piece, the yarn is raveled back and forth.
In textile industry faults are frequently occurred and stitch length has a direct effect on these faults. Geometrical models for yarn axis coordinates state of the art, principles, limitations. Detection and classification of defects in knitted fabric. In an experiment by yue 1993, three ends of 248 nm 125 tex worsted yarns are knitted into a plain jersey fabric with a 7gauge knitting machine.
There are different types of defects found in knitted fabric, but the defects of knitted fabric is less than woven fabric. Image inspection of knitted fabric defects using wavelet. A new method for knitted fabric defect detection and classification using image analysis and neural networks is presented. Still, some defects can have a variety of underlying causes associated with them. Moreover, repeating errors in fabric texture such as stripes or loop distortion can be mistaken for an intended pattern texture. Apr 02, 2018 common fabric defects and its causes common defects of fabrics during manufacturing process includes back fabric seam impression, birds eye, bowing, broken colour pattern, colour out, colour smears, crease mark, drop stitching, dye streak in printing, hole, jerk in, knots, mixed yarn, mottled, needle line, open reed, pin holes, press off etc. The loop length is an important quality control factor in the production of knitted fabric. Knitted fabric faults and their remedies slideshare. Causes of fabric faults due to knitting almost all the defects appearing in the vertical direction, in the knitted fabrics, are as a cause of bad knitting elements. Detection and classification of weft knitted fabrics.
A major defect is any defect that, if found in a finished fabric garment, would classify that fabric garment as a second rated. I would like to discuss about the major defects of knitted fabric. In this study we have done study on knit fabric faults and their causes. However, these fabrics are not as stretchable as the weft knitted fabrics. If this roof is made from knitted fabric bi or multiaxial knitted. The image of the fabric was obtained by using the dalsa ccd line scan cameras with proper lighting arrangement to illuminate the. Amendment of finished knitted fabric quality by reducing the. Pdf study on different types of knitting faults, causes and. Images of six different induced defects were obtained and used in the anal. Fabric is inspected to identify the severity and type number size location of defect. Fabric checker should know common defects found in fabrics and he must recognize defects on the fabric at the time of fabric inspection. Study on different types of dyeing faults, causes and. Kc knitted fabrics have better handling properties than either mat or woven roving and, due to their porosity, offer short lamination times.
The high degree of stretch and comfort that knit cloth brings to closefitting garments, coupled with excellent wrinkle resistance, ease of care, resilience, soft draping qualities, good air porosity and relatively low cost makes them demands eminently. Different types of defects found in 2016 frequencies of different faults on finished fabric in 2016 defects jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec total. To name a few breakage of needle during knitting, faulty yarn, lack of machine maintenance or even improper storage conditions can lead to holes. Quality control in the knitting process and common. Knitting it is very natural that in the course of knitting fabrics, imperfections occur. First, the fabric defects images are collected, and are pretreated in order to be seen more clearly. Characterization and classification of fabric defects.
Knitted fabric is therefore an ideal material for manufacturing sportswear, intimate garments and casual wear as it allows for stretch and free body movement. Loop forming is the basic operation to produce knitted fabric. We start by demonstrating the difference between woven and knit fabrics and then how knits are structured. Study on different types of knitting faults, causes and remedies of knit fabrics article pdf available october 2016 with,246 reads how we measure reads. Use a trolley, for laying the fabric on the table, to facilitate a tension free, laying. We will teach you about how knits are made and about the different types of yarns, so that when. Fabric defect, causes and remedies toh problem kya hai. Shak sadi et al amendment of finished knitted fabric quality by reducing the intensity of defects and improvement techniques table 2. Read article about online control of knitted fabric quality. Faulty woven fabrics hampers the total quality of woven garments. Astm d 5430 as per astm d 3990, standard terminology relating to fabric defects defects are named and identified for woven fabrics.
Introduction weft knitted fabrics are gaining more popularity day by day due to higher production rate, lower cost and easy installment 1. Introduction in todays very competitive market, it can be said that quality is the main factor in determining the success or failure of an organization. Major defects of knitted fabric textile merchandising. This study has shown that image analysis has great potential to provide reliable measurements for detectingdefects in knitted fabrics. Fill in and save specification measurement bottoms and trousers pdf form to your computer for easy archiving, emailing or printing. The production of terry fabrics is a complex process and is only possible on specially equipped. The imperfections may be the result of faulty yarn, knitting machine malfunction or improper finishing. Mak 4 built a prototype system in the lab, and the system consisted of lighting, line scan cameras, a frame grabber, and a computer. Users can purchase an ebook on diskette or cd, but the most popular. Guo, in specialist yarn and fabric structures, 2011.
Image inspection by wavelet packets and a neural network classifier is presented for nondefect and six kinds of defects in knitted fabrics. Online fabric defect detection and full control in a. The fabric is made of two sets of yarns, in which one set of yarn makes the pile, while the other set of yarn makes the base fabric. Pdf on nov 1, 2009, saber ben abdessalem and others published. Automated enhancement and detection of stripe defects in. Classification of fabric defects online clothing study. A defect of the knitted fabric is an abnormality which spoils the aesthetics i. Knitted terry is pile jersey fabric made with a special attachment in regular circular knitting machines similar to woven fabrics. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics of all. Dec 11, 2015 for that reason knitted fabric manufacturer always try to produce their fabric defects free, but several defects may occur in the products process. Knitted fabrics and types list of knitted fabrics textile. Pdf in this study we have done study on knit fabric faults and their causes. During apparel manufacturing process various types of defects occur in garments like faulty zippers, irregular hemming, loose buttons, raw edges, improper button holes, uneven parts, inappropriate trimming, and difference in fabric colours.
A grade is a numerical value given to fabric based on number, size and severity of defect seen during visual examination. Since the popularity of knitted fabric is increasing consistently it is. Fabric defects and fabric defects inspection methods fabric defects and fabric inspection methods. Online fabric defect inspection using smart visual sensors. The types of defect include a hole, set mark coarse, d. Many types of fault may be found in knitted fabric due to many reasons.
Knitted fabric defects and remedies by jahanara enam 9. Weavers tapping the fabric with the shuttle tip or pirn on the front rest when inserting a new. Warp knitted fabrics construction 1st edition yordan. This lesson is the first in our 7part series on working with knit fabrics.
These faults occurred sometimes due to defective parts of machine, or sometimes due to use of defective raw materials. Common fabric defects and its causes textile school. Great absolutely free fashion style women fabric men plaid womens fashion infographic mens fashion m. Knitted fabric defects and remedies fashion2apparel. List of fabric defects woven, knitted, terry and velvet. Using the principles of image analysis, an automatic fabric evaluation system, whichenables automatic computerised defect detection analysis of knitted fabrics was developed. Edge of the fabric from both sides should be made free by creating groove. Common fabric defects and its causes common defects of fabrics during manufacturing process includes back fabric seam impression, birds eye, bowing, broken colour pattern, colour out, colour smears, crease mark, drop stitching, dye streak in printing, hole, jerk in, knots, mixed yarn, mottled, needle line, open reed, pin holes, press off etc. Some of the causes are uneven yarn and uneven tension. Great absolutely free fashion style women fabric men plaid womens fashion infographic mens fashion.
Learning how to identify various fabric defects and their causes can help. For changing the stitch length at same count at three same diametric double jersey knitting machine on same rib structure we found the effect of stitch length on common knit fabric faults. Types of fabric defects with causes and remedies loom. Threedimensional knitted fabrics have been widely used in many fields, especially in technical textiles. The fabrics had taken up their fully relaxed dimensions after five. Knitting defects free download as powerpoint presentation. You will learn the meaning of terms like knit and purl, wale and course and how a weft knit differs from a warp knit.
Sep 14, 2016 in textile industry, woven fabric is produced by interlacing warp and weft yarn. Prime causes of the fabric defects are, as follows 5, 6. The types of defect include a hole, set mark coarse, dropped stitch, oil stain, streak, and tight end. The production of terry fabrics is a complex process and is only possible on specially equipped weaving machines. Some faults occur very frequently and some faults occur rarely. Introduction textile sector is the largest sector in.
Index termknit fabrics, dyeing faults causes and remedies 1. Identifying defect causes of weft greige knitted fabric. Knitting tools, knitted fabric quality, loop length. A noticeable stripes in the direction of the weftwise. Quality and reputation are interlinked with each other. Fabric defects and fabric defects inspection methods. Amendment of finished knitted fabric quality by reducing. There are various types of defects which occur in the knitted fabrics of all types caused by a variety of reasons. A hole in a knitted fabric for example can turn up due to a variety of reasons. Bl3 5ab abstract three popular 100% cotton knitted fabrics, plain singlejersey, 1x1 rib and interlock were. Then the classification and the extraction of characteristic value of the defects are introduced on the basis of researching anglicizing of the pretreated images, and reaching the. Different types of defects found in 2016 frequencies of different faults on finished fabric in 2016. Others work aimed to classify defects in knitted fabrics by using image analysis and neutral network algorithm or fuzzy logic. Loop length control which discusses other aspects like samples and experiments, results and discussion, conclusion of circular knitting.
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